Short answer: Asphalt shingles last about 20–25 years, architectural shingles 25–30, metal 40–70, and tile 50+. Replace on age before a leak starts — once water gets into the deck and walls, the roof is the cheap part.
Material
Typical life
Watch after
3-tab asphalt
20–25 yrs
year 15
Architectural shingle
25–30 yrs
year 20
Metal
40–70 yrs
year 35
Tile / slate
50+ yrs
year 40
Signs it's near the end: curling, cracked, or missing shingles; granules collecting in the gutters; daylight visible in the attic; or interior water stains. If the roof is near its rated age and you're seeing any of these, get it inspected before the next big storm.
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Budget $8,000–20,000 for asphalt on an average house, more for metal or tile. Because insurers increasingly scrutinize roof age, replacing on schedule can also protect your home policy — a good moment to shop coverage while you're at it.